The Rivalry of Sparta and Athens for Supremacy

Sparta pursued dominance among the city-states constituting the Peloponnesian League, largely because of her ideological and social emphasis upon militarism; Athens cogitate on establishment of a more urban, cosmopolitan, and essentiall(a)y educate democratic system of governance and expanded her own activities to involve extensive trade. Athens was an Ionian city-state, with citizens that were believably more visionary and temperamental than the more stoic and practical Dorians of Sparta. The Ionians and Dorians were the predominant tribes of the region, only if their characteristic differences led to intense competition and even war.

Sparta probably never had a total of more than 10,000 male citizens, all of whom were reared in the military machine tradition and who constituted an exclusive military caste that devoted their entire time to war and organisation (Trever, 1936, 181). A popular assembly known as the apella exercised author

War between Athens (leader of the noggin League) and Sparta (leader of the Peloponnesian League) was inevitable. The war lasted from 431 to 404 B.C., with Sparta eventually gaining supremacy.

The war was the result of a clash between political systems, with Sparta's helot (peasant or rural serf) system in conflict with Athens' maritime system. Though the purported skipper in the war, Sparta began to disintegrate in its aftermath. The stoic, frugal, and self-sacrificing nature of the terrible social system was influenced by an influx of tribute coin and contact with the outside world - "a world in which luxury, philosophical debate, and new roles for citizens (including women) could be found" (Trever, 1936, 403). Unlike Athenian women, Spartan women were taught to read and write. While Athenian women were taught domestic humanities from spinning to weaving, Spartan women faced rigorous training in part to enable them to protect themselves.

ty under a constitution, plot two kings also ruled. In Athens, a more outward-looking
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