Agricultural Science Essay

The fowl base was properly sanitized in order to keep the chicks healthy and adoring in totally weather conditions. This was in addition done to keep out diseases from the chicks. The fowl house was erected at an east west orientation. * Tools were placid (e.g. broom, empty bags, antiseptic, shovel) * Old bedding material was shoveled up, bagged and aloof to the compost heap. tell figure 1. * Using the broom, the mesh and ceiling were cob-webbed. See figure 2. * Materials that were caked onto the floor was scraped using the shovel, the floor was and so washed with disinfectant. The tarpaulin was hoisten for sunlight to penetrate the area. * The area was left to dry for twain (2) days.* The tools were cleaned and dried then returned to the storeroom.Preparation of the incubation Area (21911)Brooding is the special care given to the chicks. Brooding is important as it keeps the chicks warm and safe when they are small. * A confined area was constructed for baby chicks .* Tools and materials were collected e.g. sawdust, newspaper, light bulb, waterers, take to the woodsers * Sawdust was placed on the floor and covered withnewspaper to impede the baby chicks from swallowing the sawdust. See figure 3. * The tarpaulin was rolled down to close step to the fore cold air and water from disgraceing the area. * An infra red bulb was placed in the broody area to give warmth to the chicks. * Feeders and waterers were washed and disinfected. Water was placed in the waterers. They were then placed in the brooding area. See figure 4. * The foot bath was washed and disinfectant (Jeyes) was then placed in the foot bath to abate bacteria from the feet. See figure 5.Arrival of chicks (26911)Upon the arrival of chicks, they were checked for abnormalities and were introduced to water onward they were given feed.Daily ObservationsDaily observations are carried out from the arrival particular date to slaughtering date. During this period a number of activit ies were carried out. * Feeding young birds are feed daily to enhance growth and health. * Washing of feeders and waterier.* remotion of old newspaper and replacing them with new ones. * Turning over the litter, with shovel and removing wet litter. * Removal of dead birds and tallying.* Adjust tarpaulin.* Adjust automatic feeder and waterer.Expansion Of Brooders(131011)The chicks were removed from the brooding area to a larger section of the poultry house where they will stay until they are ready for slaughtering.Mortality regularize75 chicks were bought and a total of 3 died. The mortality rate was worked out to be 4% (375*100) .Preparation for slaughteringA day before slaughtering aliment was withdrawn from the chickens so as toreduce wastage and also to prevent the heading of food in the crop when it is removed. However they were relieve allowed access to water.Slaughtering (161111)The head of the birds were positioned downwards so that the blood could flow down easily. The heads were fill in off using a sharp knife. The chickens were scalded and plucked. Scalding was done by immersing the chicks in a bucket with warm water for about 45-60 seconds. Scalding the chicks allowed the feathers to be removed easily plucking was done immediately after the scalding process. The chickens were then eviscerated (process of removing everything inside the form and also the head and feet). This process involves * removing by making a take behind the neck.* separating the esophagus, trachea and crop from the neck skin. * opening the body colliery by making a cut near the vent, extending the cut nigh the vent. * removing the viscera (including the lungs) through the opening. * washing the chickens thoroughly when all the contents of the infernal region were removed * separating the heart, liver and gizzard the heart was trimmed to remove both thing that may be attached to it. * trimming the gall bladder, carefully, away from the liver. * splitting the gizzard l engthwise and washing the contents away the liner was peeled away to annoy it edible. During the eviscerating process the chickens were put on a sanitized table. by and by evisceration the carcass was cooled by using shabu water. They were then bagged and marketed.Dressing & Marketing of Birds (161111) Birds were defeathered and the contents were removed, the offals and the carcasses were placed in clean water and put to chill in ice water. After thirty minutes they were then drained and packaged. They were then placed in a refrigerator for storage.Cleaning up the area (161111)The feathers were remove to a corner of the farm to be dried and burnt, the intestine was boiled, nigh was given to the dogs while the rest was disposed of, the slaughtering area was sanitized with disinfectant and washed andleft to be dried for further use and also to keep away flies and other insects.Projected Income railroad siding * IncomeOutput = 375 lbs determine = $130.00Projected income = 375 lbs * $130.00$48,750Projected ExpenditureSpade $1,200.00 Booster $420.00 burbot $150.00 Hose $1,000.00 Waterer (2 * $950) $1,900.00 Feeder (2 * $950) $1,900.00 spit Mask (1 pack) $600.00 Baby Chicks (75 * $63) $4,725.00 Plasson (2 * $3500) $7,000.00 Sawdust (5 * $200) $1,000.00 tarp (2 * $250) $500.00 Feed (12 * $1300) $15,600.00 Disinfectant Jeyes $900.00 Labour $3,000.00 Total $39,475.00 Surplus Projected income project use of goods and servicesSurplus = $48,750.00 $39,475= $9,275.00 demonstrable Income and ExpenditureActual IncomeOutput * PriceOutput = 225 lbsPrice = $130.00Actual Income = $29, 250.00Actual ExpenditureBooster (1 * $420) = $420.00Dust Mask (1 * 450) = $450.00Feed (12 * 1,300) =15,600.00Baby Chicks (75 * $63) = $725.00Labour =$3,000.00Total = $24,195Surplus Actual Income Actual Expenditure= $29,250.00 $24,195.00= $5,055.00COST ANALYSISSeventy quintuplet (75) chicks were bought, 72 were slaughtered repayable to a 4% mortality rate. It was estimated that all th e seventy five (75) chicks bought would be slaughtered. The mean(a) weight per chick was 5lbs the essential weight was 3.125lbs. This resulted in a change in the income, causing a decrease in profit. The actual income was $5,055.00 for chicken meat while the projected income was $9,275.00. The projected expenditure surpassed the actual by $15,280. This was due to fact that we did not purchase the spade, broom, hose, waterers, feeders, plasson, sawdust, tarpaulin and the disinfectant (Jeyes) as they were provided by the school. The projected income and expenditure was more than the actual, however, we still made a profit and not a loss.General commentsBroiler output has become a popular farming activity in the west Indies (W.I.). In Jamaica poultry provide a source of income in a short period of time more than other farm works. To enter the world of poultry you do not need a larger start-up crown so you will find more and more tribe involve in the poultry business. Another fact or is that in little than two month there is a turnover on the capital with proper management and a larger area of production. Since the required quadruplet per bird is 6 square inch (15 cm2). It was a success due to the fact that we made a profit and not a loss, however, we could make more profit if we(students) had paid more attention to the chicks.Recommendations* Increase the sizing of the poultry house and brooding area, in order to increase poultry production. * More attention could be paid to the chicks by students. * Provide a farm man to work on weekends and holidays.ConclusionAfter carrying the actual project it is concluded that the rearing of broiler bird takes a minimum of 6 weeks. With proper management boiler production also provide a good profit, it is also observed that boiler has a high grooming percentage and a good converter of feed using an average of two to three pounds of feed to provide one pound of meat.